Lipids can usually be extracted easily from tissues by making use of their hydrophobic characteristics. However, such extractions yield a complex mixture of different lipid classes which have to be purified further for quantitative analysis. Moreover, the crude lipid extract will be contami nated by other hydrophobic molecules, e.g. by intrinsic membrane proteins. Of the various types of separation processes, thin layer and column chromatography are most useful for intact lipids. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is also rapidly becoming more popular, especially for the fractionation of molecular species of a given lipid class. The most powerful tool for quantitation of the majority of lipids is gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The method is very sensitive and, if adapted with capillary columns, can provide information with regard to such subtle features as the position or configuration of substitutions along acyl chains. By coupling GLC or HPLC to a radioactivity detector, then the techniques are also very useful for metabolic measurements. Although research laboratories use generally sophisticated analytical methods such as GLC to analyse and quantify lipid samples, chemical derivatie: ations are often used in hospitals. For these methods, the lipid samples are derivatized to yield a product which can be measured simply and accurately-usually by colour. Thus, total triacylglycerol, cholesterol or phospholipid-phosphorus can be quantitated conveniently without bothering with the extra information of molecular species, etc. which might be determined by more thorough analyses. REFERENCES Christie, w.w. (1982) Lipid Analysis, 2nd edn, Pergamon Press, Oxford."

This book provides coverage of all aspects of lipid biochemistry and is intended for undergraduates, although it will also be useful for postgraduates and research workers as a first reference. This fourth edition has been rewritten and restructured to incorporate recent advances and to present a broader range of material. The organization of the content is based on an approach which classifies lipids primarily in terms of their functions in living organisms, rather than according to chemical structure. The first chapters deals with definitions, terminology and chemical classifications, and the second with isolation, separation and detection of lipids. Subsequent chapters, each of which incorporates a brief outline of the lipids, then discuss their biochemistry and functions. A feature of this edition is a more detailed treatment of the nutritional and chemical aspects of lipids. The book takes examples from a wide range of living organisms, including microorganisms and higher plants, as well as animals. The book is illustrated and cross-referenced for the convenience of the reader.